diff --git a/start.sh b/start.sh
index c6640ed..66755ce 100755
--- a/start.sh
+++ b/start.sh
@@ -52,6 +52,38 @@ port_is_open() {
   ( : >/dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/"${port}" ) 2>/dev/null
 }
 
+list_port_pids() {
+  local port="$1"
+
+  if command -v fuser >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    fuser -n tcp "${port}" 2>/dev/null || true
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if command -v lsof >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    lsof -t -iTCP:"${port}" -sTCP:LISTEN 2>/dev/null || true
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    ss -ltnp 2>/dev/null \
+      | awk -v port=":${port}" 'NR > 1 && $4 ~ (port "$") { print }' \
+      | sed -n 's/.*pid=\([0-9][0-9]*\).*/\1/p' \
+      | sort -u
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if command -v netstat >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    netstat -ltnp 2>/dev/null \
+      | awk -v port=":${port}" 'NR > 2 && $4 ~ (port "$") { print $7 }' \
+      | sed -n 's#^\([0-9][0-9]*\)/.*#\1#p' \
+      | sort -u
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  return 1
+}
+
 wait_for_port() {
   local port="$1"
   local attempts="${2:-20}"
@@ -68,6 +100,7 @@ wait_for_port() {
 stop_port_listener() {
   local port="$1"
   local pids=""
+  local kill_mode=""
 
   if ! port_is_open "${port}"; then
     log "端口 ${port} 当前未被占用"
@@ -75,18 +108,29 @@ stop_port_listener() {
   fi
 
   if command -v fuser >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    pids="$(fuser -n tcp "${port}" 2>/dev/null || true)"
-    log "关闭端口 ${port}，占用进程: ${pids:-未知}"
-    fuser -k -TERM -n tcp "${port}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    kill_mode="fuser"
   elif command -v lsof >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    pids="$(lsof -t -iTCP:"${port}" -sTCP:LISTEN 2>/dev/null || true)"
-    log "关闭端口 ${port}，占用进程: ${pids:-未知}"
+    kill_mode="kill"
+  elif command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1 || command -v netstat >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    kill_mode="kill"
+  else
+    warn "端口 ${port} 被占用，但系统没有 fuser/lsof/ss/netstat，无法自动关闭"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  pids="$(list_port_pids "${port}")"
+  if [[ -z "${pids//[[:space:]]/}" ]]; then
+    warn "端口 ${port} 被占用，但无法获取占用进程 PID，拒绝继续启动以免误报"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  log "关闭端口 ${port}，占用进程: ${pids}"
+  if [[ "${kill_mode}" == "fuser" ]]; then
+    fuser -k -TERM -n tcp "${port}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+  else
     for pid in ${pids}; do
       kill -TERM "${pid}" 2>/dev/null || true
     done
-  else
-    warn "端口 ${port} 被占用，但系统没有 fuser/lsof，无法自动关闭"
-    return 1
   fi
 
   for _ in {1..10}; do
@@ -97,7 +141,7 @@ stop_port_listener() {
   done
 
   warn "端口 ${port} 未能在宽限期内释放，尝试强制关闭"
-  if command -v fuser >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  if [[ "${kill_mode}" == "fuser" ]]; then
     fuser -k -KILL -n tcp "${port}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
   else
     for pid in ${pids}; do
@@ -451,7 +495,7 @@ ensure_release_binary() {
 start_single_exe() {
   ensure_release_binary || return 1
 
-  stop_port_listener "${PORT_VALUE}" || true
+  stop_port_listener "${PORT_VALUE}" || return 1
 
   local runtime_log_dir="${CC_WEB_LOGS_DIR:-${RELEASE_DIR}/logs}"
   local output_log="${runtime_log_dir}/cc-web-single-exe.out"
@@ -519,7 +563,7 @@ main() {
   fi
 
   PORT_VALUE="$(resolve_port)"
-  stop_port_listener "${PORT_VALUE}" || true
+  stop_port_listener "${PORT_VALUE}" || fail "无法释放端口 ${PORT_VALUE}，已停止启动以避免继续使用旧进程"
 
   case "${START_MODE}" in
     single|release|bun)
@@ -547,7 +591,7 @@ $(node_upgrade_hint)"
 
   warn "源码方式启动失败，检测到 CentOS 7，回退到 dist-exe single-exe"
   stop_existing_pm2_app
-  stop_port_listener "${PORT_VALUE}" || true
+  stop_port_listener "${PORT_VALUE}" || fail "无法释放端口 ${PORT_VALUE}，已停止回退启动以避免继续使用旧进程"
   start_single_exe || fail "CentOS 7 single-exe 启动失败，请检查 ${RELEASE_ENTRY_PATH} 及日志"
   log "完成。当前使用 CentOS 7 single-exe。"
 }