# 小作文

**小作文审题要点**
对方是谁？
是不是notice?
次要目的是什么？主要目的是什么？
信件的实质内容涉及三元中的哪些元素？
是否必须需要对方回信？

Dear [Xx](作文例句.md#Dear),
## **第一段：次要目的+主要目的**
I am writing this letter to... / This notice is to...
次要目的:（感谢、道歉、悼念等纯粹情感性的目的）
thank you for...（/congratulate you for.../apologize for.../do sth）, and to
 
主要目的:（提建议、意见，介绍信息，进行推荐文章的核心主旨）：
- offer you some suggestions(/information) about sth/how to do sth. 
- extend you an invitation to do sth. 
- recommend you sth. 
- do sth.

## **第二段：主体段整体架构：** 
Regarding 主题,there are several points I would like to mention. 
First of all,论点1. 
What's more, 论点2. 
In addition,论点3. 
For more details,you could refer to the attachment below.

*具体内容：*
是什么（说明介绍）、为什么（分析利弊）、怎么办（建议意见）
### 1. **是什么（说明介绍）**
​ 1.1 时间地点
- It will be held / It is located in(behind) the Main Building (next Sunday)
- we will gather in the Main Building next Sunday and set off to the spot  ( and please make sure you are available then). 

​1.2 工作人员指导
- our staff will be there to provide you necessary guidance. 

​1.3 着装要求
- it is highly recommended to be properly/warmly/plainly dressed for the occasion

### 2. **为什么选 ta（分析利弊）**
​2.1 权威认可
-  has (have) an official **award (/qualification / recognition)** from the authority.
- is (are) awarded with the title of Material (/Intangible) Cultural Heritage from the United Nations. 
​
2.2 群众基础
- enjoys (enjoy) a widespread popularity (/reputation /concern) among 人民群众（/on multiple social platforms). 

​2.3 个人喜欢
- I personally find it attractive（/interesting/beneficial/necessary)  to do sth.

> 万能图书、电影、景点、中华文化代表推荐：the Great Wall

### 3. **怎么办（建议意见）**
3.1 端正认识
- it’s advisable to put things into perspective and establish a correct value about **sth** primarily. 

3.2实践经验
- you could look for relevant (/ advanced / international / historical) experience in this aspect on Zhihu Community. 

3.3 知行合一
- a practical and reasonable plan should be promptly carried out and remain high on your agenda


For more details,you could refer to the attachment below.
## **尾段：对读信人的期望：**

不回信：（公告、招募、问询、建议）
- I would be glad if you find the information(/suggestions) mentioned above helpful. Please feel free to let me know if you have any further questions. 

回信：（建议、介绍、推荐、感谢、道歉、邀请、投诉、申请）
- I would appreciate it if you could take my **complaint (/application/resignation/recommendation/invitation/questions)** into consideration. And I would be much obliged to you for an early and positive reply.

							Yours truly 
								Li Ming
# 词汇

## 描述年龄段

| 中文表达 | 英文写法 | 说明 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 小于40岁 | people aged below 40 | aged + 数字 表示“年龄为…” |
| 40-50岁 | people aged between 41 and 50 | between A and B 表示区间 |
| 大于50岁 | people aged above 50 / people over 50 | above/over 可互换 |

## 大学生

| 中文 | 英文 | 说明 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 大学生 | college students | 泛指 |
| 大一 | freshman | 单数/复数用 freshmen |
| 大二 | sophomore |  |
| 大三 | junior |  |
| 大四 | senior |  |

## 描述社会（重点）

| 分类 | 常用表达 | 中文解释 | 应用提示 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 技术与信息 | Digital / technologically advanced / information-rich / connected / socially networked / innovation-driven / tech-driven / rapidly evolving society | 数字化、技术先进、信息丰富、互联、社会网络化、创新驱动、快速演变 | 图表或趋势题描述科技背景；“rapidly evolving”突出快速变化 |
| 多元文化价值 | pluralistic / multicultural / culturally blended / inclusive / socially progressive / rapid growth of cultural and economic undertaking | 多元化、多文化、文化融合、包容、社会进步、文化经济迅速发展 | 适合文化、价值观类话题，强调包容性 |
| 经济全球化 | competitive / consumer-driven / globalized / market-oriented economy / knowledge-based economy | 竞争激烈、消费驱动、全球化、市场导向、知识型经济 | 描写宏观经济环境或市场倾向 |
| 人口结构 | urbanized / aging society / youth-centric | 城市化、老龄化、以年轻人为中心 | 用于社会问题、人口变化分析 |
| 环境可持续 | eco-conscious / sustainable society | 环保意识强、可持续社会 | 环境保护、绿色发展话题 |
| 生活趋势 | education-focused / health-conscious / work-life balance focused | 重视教育、健康意识强、关注工作生活平衡 | 说明现代生活方式偏好 |

## 个人发展追求
Another significant factor **is the pursuit of personal development, as individuals increasingly prioritize self-improvement and career success.**
> 另一个重要因素**在于对个人发展的追求，因为人们越来越重视自我提升和职业成就。**

A crucial reason behind this trend **is the shift in societal values, with a growing emphasis on individualism and personal freedom.**
> 这一趋势背后的关键原因**在于社会价值观的转变，人们越来越重视个人主义与自由。**

to better **equip themselves with practical skills for future career demands.**
> 为了更好地**掌握未来职业所需的实用技能。**

brought to our attention are more opportunities for **personal growth and skill acquisition**
>引起我们关注的是更多**个人成长与技能提升**的机遇

Therefore,everyone needs to find their **extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of emplovment**
> 因此，每个人都需找到自己的**独特价值——那种能在各自职业领域中脱颖而出的独到贡献**

 人们变得有钱后用：As disposable incomes rise and <font color=#FF0212>basic needs</font> are better met, people are naturally inclined to pursue cultural enrichment
> 随着可支配收入的增加和<font color=#FF0212>基本需求</font>得到更好的满足，人们自然会追求文化生活的丰富。

## 人际关系
**strengthen social bonds and maintain interpersonal relationships.**
> **增进社会联系，维系人际关系。**

## 大额计数
- 百 - Hundred
- 千 - Thousand
- 万 - 10 Thousand
- 十万 - 100 Thousand

| 中文数量级 | 英文表达 | 备注 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| <font color=#FF0212>百万</font> | million | 百万级别，注意小写 |
| 千万 | ten million / 10 million | 可写数字或单词 |
| 亿 | one hundred million / 100 million | 可省略 one |
| <font color=#FF0212>十亿</font> | billion | 即10^9 |
| 百亿 | ten billion / 10 billion |  |
| 千亿 | one hundred billion / 100 billion |  |
| 万亿 | trillion | 即10^12 |

| 中文短语 | 英文表达 | 场景提示 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 为了更加方便的生活 | for a more convenient life | 作文中描述目的或愿景 |
| ……尤其明显 | which is especially distinct when it comes to … | 用于强调特定情境 |
| 更加偏向于…… | the increasing preference for A over B | 填入具体选项 |
| 文化自信 | patriotic consumption, as a reflection of national pride and economic confidence, plays a pivotal role in shaping preferences. | 句式，可拆分使用 |
| 本土智慧的欣赏 | the appreciation of indigenous wisdom and cultural creativity | 补充说明文化相关观点 |



# 图表

### **第一段 图表描述段（5句模板）**

| 句序 | 作用 | 英文模板 | 中文提示 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 总览 | Were it not for the chart above, a thought-provoking phenomenon would be neglected: …<br/>/ With regard to 主题, … | 点出图表主题，起承上启下 |
| 2 | 细节① | In 开始年, 最大值的名词B topped the three 主题词, while in 对比年, a remarkable decline occurred by 差值 from 开始年数值 to 结束年数值. | 2年对比-下降 |
| 3 | 细节② | By contrast, there was a noticeable jump of 差值 from 开始年数值 to 结束年数值 during the same period in A. | 2年对比-上升 |
| 4 | 细节③ | Meanwhile, C grew/decreased at a far more sluggish pace, to the degree that it seemed to remain static in 2008. | 变化平缓/趋势对照 |
| 5 | 细节④ | The percentage of A is the highest amongst all the 种类总数 categories, at approximately 百分比, whereas B/C/D account for about … | 无时间或补充对比 |

> the number of + 可数名词复数；the amount of + 不可数名词  
> 表格题可替换句式：The percentage of A类中最大值对应的人1 has peaked…, etc.

**常用动词替换：**
- 上升：increase / be augmented / climb / surge
- 下降：decrease / dip / slump
- 平稳：remain almost constant / stay relatively stable
- 波动：undergo slight fluctuations

**重点提示：** 描述变化时同时写出“起点+终点+幅度/速度”，避免只写趋势。

### **第二段 原因分析段（10-11行）**

| 句序 | 模板 | 中文提示 | 重点用途 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | The fundamental factors that contribute to the aforementioned tendency may be expounded as below. | 承上启下，引出原因 | 固定句 |
| 2 | Initially, 原因1. Additionally, 原因2. Finally, 原因3. | 三连句概述原因 | 注意句号或分号 |
| 3 起 | 按主题展开（参考下表） | 结合数据/案例细化 | 每个原因 2-3 句 |

| 主题标签 | 中文思路 | 英文表达（含翻译） | 备注 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ==社会经济科技== | 经济基础提升→积极行为；逐利→负面行为 | A well-known saying… “Economic basis decides superstructure.”（经济基础决定上层建筑）<br/>①正向：In the face of the very pluralistic society, many individuals are becoming increasingly **financially capable**, which provides them with a fundamental economic basis to do sth.（面对多元社会，越来越多的人具备经济能力，这是他们采取某行为的物质基础）<br/>②负向：many individuals are becoming increasingly **money-oriented**, which triggers the tendency of doing sth.（逐利心态导致该现象） | 可引用马克思语句增强学术感 |
| 经济全球化&都市化 | 快速发展带来机遇/压力 | ①正向：The human race having entered a completely new stage…, with increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, brought to our attention more **enhancements**… embracing XX.（全球化与城市化带来了积极变化）<br/>②负向：with great strain and intense competition, … brought more **problems**… embracing XX.（竞争压力导致问题） | 结合背景句/主体句链接 |
| 人们行为与道德 | 良知 vs. 逐利 | ①正向：These individuals' **gratifying** behavior results from their sufficient appreciation of sth; consciences never give way to selfishness.（良知未被私利吞没）<br/>②负向：行为 **blameworthy** 因为 lack of knowledge… consciences give way to selfishness.（良知让位于私利） | 可补充 materialistic pursuits（物质追求） |
| 社会风气 | 传统价值/现代压力 | ①正向：moral enhancement indicates traditional values— notably XX—have been carried forward.（传统价值在传承）<br/>②负向：Modern life strain exposes problems: individuals becoming profit-oriented, thus tending to do sth.（功利化倾向） | 强调“价值观” |
| ==思想转变== | 价值排序改变 | The tendency has been bound up with the turning of people's outlooks on 主题词… what really counts is 新价值.（人们的价值观发生转变） | 动态数据用 tendency |
| 文化多样性 | 选择多元 | Despite inevitable diversity and inclusiveness of culture, there are an array of options facing everyone—and some choose this way.（文化多样性提供多种选择） | 可配“critical moment”句式 |
| ==政府/学校== | 监管/缺位 | ①正向：The local administration/universities, exerting effective supervision on sth, make it possible for us to… accounting for XX.（政府/学校引导）<br/>②负向：failing to exert supervision… make it less possible…（监管缺失） | 适合政策类题目 |
| 多媒体 | 舆论引导 | Furthermore, all kinds of publicity, be the newspapers or the Internet, advocate vigorously what really matters is 主题词, inducing dwellers to do sth.（媒体倡导） | 可替换为 celebrity/社团 |

> 建议：每段原因先用中文思路定位，再用英文模板输出，确保逻辑递进（背景→行为→结果）。

#### 9.个人
经历磨难才能收获美好
忽视品质导致年轻人重表面轻内涵

- 好:How can we see the rainbow without experiencing storms? Only by going through the rapids can it be possible to build many beauties beyond description, with **主题词** being necessary.
> 不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹？唯有穿越激流，方能铸就诸多难以言表的美好，而**主题词**不可或缺。  
- 坏:Ignoring **主题词** makes the young seek the glamorous appearance simply but fail to value inner endeavor and persistence,factors critical to the formation of their current views of life.
> 忽视**主题词**会让年轻人只追逐浮华表象，却轻视内在的努力与坚持，而这些正是塑造他们人生观的关键因素。
- 例子:A proper example is **人名** ，**头衔**，whose success stems largely from **his/her** emphasis on **某种品质**
> 一个恰当的例子是**人名**，**头衔**，其成功很大程度上源于**他/她**对**某种品质**的重视。


#### 10.流行病的影响
- 疫情消退但持续影响人们
- Despite the recession of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lifting of pandemic control measures, its profound impact remains. From psychology to life habits, people are still affected by it, realizing that the surroundings are challenging ,and thus tend to **do sth** (/be aware of the importance of **主题词**) than ever before.
> 尽管新冠疫情已逐渐消退，防控措施也已解除，但其深远影响依然存在。从心理状态到生活习惯，人们仍受其影响，意识到周遭环境充满挑战，因而比以往任何时候都更倾向于**采取行动**（/认识到**主题词**的重要性）。


### **第三段 归纳总结段 1-3行**
**选择1：好**，主题词对社会有益
Altogether,主题词 is deemed as not only a catalyst for the success of **sth** but also a bedrock of social progress.

**选择2：中性，多种选择一静态图**
On balance, 主题词 is a subjective(/sensory) experience for today's individuals（/undergraduates) as what they focus on are the factors affecting the whole experience——to be held in high regard by 相关产业(/society).

**选择3：动态图：趋势**
This trend，in the background of  economic boom in China, will probably become dominant in the foreseeable future.
> 在中国经济蓬勃发展的背景下，这一趋势很可能在可预见的未来占据主导地位。

As the Chinese economy continues to grow, leisure travel is expected to dominate individuals’ preferences, contributing to both mental well-being and cultural exchange.”
> 随着中国经济的持续增长，休闲旅行有望成为个人偏好的主流选择，既有助于身心健康，又能促进文化交流。

**选择4：神话故事+表中有褒贬色彩主旨**
Without a clear understanding of the current state of affairs，we would steer between Scylla and Charybdis.
> 若对当前形势缺乏清晰认识，我们便会在进退维谷间徘徊。

**选择5：双刃剑**
supposing that individuals are armed with intelligence and caution, they are supposed to bypass the potential drawbacks of **sth** as well as take advantage of all the merits.
> 假设个体具备智慧和谨慎，他们理应能够规避**某事**的潜在弊端，同时充分利用其所有优势。

Artificial Intelligence, though remarkable, is not without its shadows. While solving complex problems and enhancing capabilities, it may erode human autonomy and decision-making.The key lies in achieving a balance—harnessing the power of AI while preventing it from overshadowing human values and control.
> 人工智能虽成就斐然，却也暗藏隐忧。它在破解难题、提升效能的同时，也可能悄然削弱人类的自主与决断之力。关键在于把握平衡——既要释放智能科技的伟力，更需守护人文价值的璀璨光辉，确保人类始终掌握主导之权。



# 图画
### 第一段
#### **第 1 句：总体描述**
- Were it not for the drawing above,a thought-provoking phenomenon would be neglected:

#### **第 2 句：图画细节描述**
##### **2.1 单图**
​	在这个场景中，有一个中心人物做着什么事，这个中心人物是怎样的，与周边事物发生了什么，周边事物又是怎样的。
​	Step1：找到核心人物：位置+动作——倒装 
​	Step2：其他可描述的内容：说话，神情，其他动作——非谓语 
​	Step3：找到周边事物：主人公，周边人/事——定从
At a crossroads stand an army of graduates,wearing with an air of confusion in their faces, who are faced with four choices: hunting for jobs,taking the Postgraduate Entrance Examination, going abroad and starting a business.

##### **2.2对比图**
​	在一个大背景下，主人公1以什么样的方式做了什么，而主人公2又做了什么。

- Step1：找到相同大背景（找不到可省略)
- Step2：如果有时间先后-按时间先后来，若是纯对比关系，随意
- Step3：描写另外一个主人公

大背景，主人公1，V1ing，谓1宾1，while 主人公2，V2ing，谓2宾2
Having seen the drink spill out，one person, sighing“all is over'”,falls into despair, while the other person,smiling as he feels so lucky to have something left in the bottle, hurries to lift up the bottle
>看到饮料洒出，一人哀叹“全完了”，陷入绝望；而另一人却因瓶中尚有余饮，庆幸地笑着，赶忙扶起瓶子。

##### ​2.3可描述内容少

- Were it not for the **主人公 具体动作ing**，we would overlook the common phenomenon that/the significance of **sth**
- Were it not for **具体动作ing**, **sth/sb** would not **XX**.



#### **第 3 句：文字说明 or 表达感受**
- At the bottom of the drawing is the caption which reads"**XX**"
- At the bottom of the drawing，a sentence stands there prominently, which can be briefly interpreted in this way: **XX**
- What an enlightening drawing it is!
- What enlightening drawings they are!



### 第二段
**第 1 句：主旨句**
The drawing crystallizes a truth:**主题词**，a component critical to life success,is the least to disregard.

**第2~4句**：2-3个万能原因

### 第三段
**第1句：总结全文**
- 好Altogether, **主题词** is deemed as not only a catalyst for the success of **sth** but also a bedrock of social progress.
- 坏as has been mentioned above,countermeasures should be taken immediately so as to reverse the grim situation.
- 双刃剑Altogether，主题词，if  handled carelessly or without restraints——despite the fact that it is already particularly prevalent——might be a double-edged sword

**第2句：六大万能建议**
一、社会道德教育
The fundamental approach to solving this problem is to launch extensive education on social morality,making people truly aware of the significance of **主题词**.
> 解决这一问题的根本途径在于广泛开展社会道德教育，使人们真正认识到**主题词**的重要性。

二、改善社会风气

At the mention of suggestions and measures,it occurs to many people that strong punitive actions,like laws and regulations,are bound to be issued. Actually,they are not a universal panacea,and the fundamental approach is to launch an extensive education on social morality, making people truly aware of the significance of  **主题词**,thus abandoning uncivilized behavior initially.
> 一提起建议与措施，许多人立刻想到的便是出台诸如法律法规等强力惩戒手段。然而，这些并非放之四海皆准的万灵药，根本之道在于开展广泛的社会公德教育，让人们真正认识到**主题词**的意义，从而从源头上摒弃不文明行为。

三、政府、学校

As a cradle of talents,it is of importance for universities to exert a positive cultural influence on the public and enhance the young's desire for knowledge;that is to say, universities are bound to make the rules for undergraduates——setting good examples for others.
> 作为人才的摇篮，大学肩负着对公众施加积极文化影响、激发青年求知欲的重要使命；换言之，大学必须为本科生制定规范——为他人树立良好榜样。

四、多媒体/名人

The worthies——especially those unusually informed, persuasive and well-connected——not only Chinese but also foreign ones,in cooperation,are obliged to do something useful,say,advocating **主题词** vigorously.
> 贤达之士——尤其是那些见多识广、能言善辩且人脉通达者，无论中外，皆有责任携手共进，做些有益之事，譬如大力倡导**主题词**。

五、多媒体/社团

Related organizations are supposed to launch high-visibility campaigns to help us discard the undesirable habits and remold healthy value systems, which is absolutely imperative.
> 相关组织应发起高曝光度的宣传活动，助力我们摒弃不良习惯，重塑健康的价值体系，此举至关重要。

六、个人

Full of obstacles as life is,it can be easier when you know how to keep yourself mentally healthy——for example,being a **与主题词相关的adj** ,person,a lesson that all college students should take.
>人生虽充满坎坷，但懂得如何保持心理健康——比如做一个**与主题词相关的形容词**的人，会让生活轻松许多，这是每位大学生都该学会的一课。

七、补充

The success of addressing the problem of **sth** demands joint efforts of the whole society.Many kinds of reforms are needed and perhaps they will not bear fruit all instantaneously.However, let's not have any doubt about the direction towards which we are moving：for the well-being of the nation.
> 解决**某事**问题的成功需要全社会的共同努力。需要多种改革措施，且这些措施或许不会立竿见影。然而，我们无需怀疑前进的方向：一切为了国家的福祉。

**第3句：下结论+展望未来**

- Life is like a colossal ship sailing on the sea,in which at any moment we will meet storms or reefs,but if we insist on **主题词**，the ship will never sink.
- 坏Supposing that we want to avoid making similar mistakes in the future,everybody——especially the most intelligent and prominent——would do well to **do sth**. An epigram of Oscar Wilde should be quoted here:"There is no fault except **sth**."
- 双刃剑Supposing that individuals are armed with intellect, caution and discretion,they are bound to bypass the potential drawbacks of **主题词** as well as take advantage of all the virtues.

# 材料

# AI（图表题示例段落）

| 结构 | 英文模板 | 中文提示 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 总览句 | Were it not for the chart above, a thought-provoking phenomenon would be neglected: the rising dominance of artificial intelligence across sectors. | 引出主题 |
| 细节句1 | The percentage of AI applications is the highest amongst all the five categories, at approximately 45%, whereas the data of automation, data analysis, customer service and others accounts for about 20%, 15%, 12% and 8% respectively. | 无时间图表描述 |
| 细节句2 | From 2015 to 2024, the number of AI-driven projects augmented remarkably from only about 55 to 210. By contrast, the amount of purely manual solutions dipped slightly from 90 to 70 during the same period. Meanwhile, hybrid solutions grew at a far more sluggish pace, almost remaining static. | 多年趋势描述 |
| 原因段引用句 | The fundamental factors … may be expounded as below. | 承接 |
| 原因1 | Initially, with unprecedented advancements in science and technology, institutions embrace AI to enhance productivity and creativity. | 科技进步 |
| 原因2 | Additionally, economic globalization and urbanization foster a demand for efficient, scalable solutions, which AI effectively provides. | 需求驱动 |
| 原因3 | Moreover, supportive government policies accelerate AI’s integration into mainstream use. | 政策助推 |
| 评价句 | Artificial Intelligence, though remarkable, is not without its shadows. While solving complex problems, it may erode human autonomy. The key lies in achieving a balance—harnessing AI’s power while safeguarding human values. | 双刃剑观点 |

> 可直接替换数据/类别，保持结构即可完成一段完整图表+分析作文。

