diff --git a/src/pages/ProcessDetailPage.tsx b/src/pages/ProcessDetailPage.tsx
index 356587f..0eab0ec 100644
--- a/src/pages/ProcessDetailPage.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/ProcessDetailPage.tsx
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export function ProcessDetailPage() {
   const { id } = useParams()
   const location = useLocation()
   const navigate = useNavigate()
-  const processDetail = id ? getProcessDetail(id) : null
+  const processDetail = useMemo(() => (id ? getProcessDetail(id) : null), [id])
 
   // ITTO 显示/隐藏状态管理
   const [visible, setVisible] = useState<Record<IttoSection, boolean>>(() => {
@@ -124,11 +124,39 @@ export function ProcessDetailPage() {
     return () => { clearLongPressTimer(); clearAutoAdvanceTimer() }
   }, [clearLongPressTimer, clearAutoAdvanceTimer])
 
+  useEffect(() => { latestInputRef.current = userInput }, [userInput])
+
+  // ── 开始 / 退出练习（必须在 validateInput 之前定义，避免闭包捕获 undefined）──
+  const exitPractice = useCallback(() => {
+    clearAutoAdvanceTimer()
+    clearLongPressTimer()
+    setIsPracticeMode(false)
+    setAnsweredItems(new Set())
+    setCurrentPracticeId(null)
+    setUserInput([])
+    setCharStatuses([])
+    setIsComposing(false)
+    isComposingRef.current = false
+    setLastErrorTimestamp(null)
+    setShowAnswer(false)
+    setInputLocked(false)
+  }, [clearAutoAdvanceTimer, clearLongPressTimer])
+
+  const startPractice = useCallback(() => {
+    if (practiceItems.length === 0) return
+    clearAutoAdvanceTimer()
+    setIsPracticeMode(true)
+    setAnsweredItems(new Set())
+    setCurrentPracticeId(practiceItems[0].id)
+  }, [practiceItems, clearAutoAdvanceTimer])
+
   // 切换到某个练习项时重置输入状态，并聚焦第一个输入框
+  // 依赖 currentPracticeId 和名称长度，而非 currentPracticeItem 对象引用（避免每次渲染重置）
+  const currentPracticeNameLength = currentPracticeItem?.name.length ?? 0
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (!isPracticeMode || !currentPracticeItem) return
-    setUserInput(new Array(currentPracticeItem.name.length).fill(''))
-    setCharStatuses(new Array(currentPracticeItem.name.length).fill('pending'))
+    if (!isPracticeMode || !currentPracticeId || currentPracticeNameLength === 0) return
+    setUserInput(new Array(currentPracticeNameLength).fill(''))
+    setCharStatuses(new Array(currentPracticeNameLength).fill('pending'))
     setLastErrorTimestamp(null)
     setShowAnswer(false)
     setInputLocked(false)
@@ -139,9 +167,7 @@ export function ProcessDetailPage() {
       ) as HTMLInputElement
       firstInput?.focus()
     }, 150)
-  }, [isPracticeMode, currentPracticeItem])
-
-  useEffect(() => { latestInputRef.current = userInput }, [userInput])
+  }, [isPracticeMode, currentPracticeId, currentPracticeNameLength])
 
   // 切换过程时自动退出练习（避免定时器跨过程触发）
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -183,7 +209,7 @@ export function ProcessDetailPage() {
         setLastErrorTimestamp(Date.now())
       }
     },
-    [currentPracticeItem, currentPracticeIndex, practiceItems, clearAutoAdvanceTimer]
+    [currentPracticeItem, currentPracticeIndex, practiceItems, clearAutoAdvanceTimer, exitPractice]
   )
 
   const handleInputChange = useCallback(
@@ -251,30 +277,6 @@ export function ProcessDetailPage() {
     setInputLocked(false)
   }, [clearLongPressTimer])
 
-  // ── 开始 / 退出练习 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  const startPractice = useCallback(() => {
-    if (practiceItems.length === 0) return
-    clearAutoAdvanceTimer()
-    setIsPracticeMode(true)
-    setAnsweredItems(new Set())
-    setCurrentPracticeId(practiceItems[0].id)
-  }, [practiceItems, clearAutoAdvanceTimer])
-
-  const exitPractice = useCallback(() => {
-    clearAutoAdvanceTimer()
-    clearLongPressTimer()
-    setIsPracticeMode(false)
-    setAnsweredItems(new Set())
-    setCurrentPracticeId(null)
-    setUserInput([])
-    setCharStatuses([])
-    setIsComposing(false)
-    isComposingRef.current = false
-    setLastErrorTimestamp(null)
-    setShowAnswer(false)
-    setInputLocked(false)
-  }, [clearAutoAdvanceTimer, clearLongPressTimer])
-
   if (!processDetail) {
     return (
       <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-20">